Contenidos
ISA-95 is a standard integration of companies and control systems. Establishes five levels ranging from the industrial process to accounting systems, tries to manage the hierarchy of an enterprise applications.
ISA-95 level 0: the process
This level is the industrial process itself, the machinery and the necessary human resources. The part most physics of the company itself.
ISA-95 level 1: it automation
Automation the first level of the ISA-95 is the interaction between the physical control systems with more basic PLCs and and its peripherals, sensors and actuators in general. It consists of the entire electrical and control. It would be like the hardware of the industry itself, the interaction between the superior systems and process. PLCs are simple electronic machines that perform a program cyclically. An example would be a task where we mix two chemicals and do react, the PLC controls the entry of both be equitable by opening or closing the valves that drive the reagents controlling activation and pressure, temperature if the low temperature activated mechanism (electric or combustion) for upload it, if there is risk of leakage or in the event of a strike by emergency braking process to avoid risks.
LEVEL 2: human interface
The second level corresponds to man’s interaction with the elements of plant, mainly with two methods, the HMI or monitors of operators, where we have screens of operator controlling the plant a certain part of the process and SCADA applications to monitor and manage computer systems. Level 2 of ISA-95, includes the first hardware interaction with humans. Can give is cases where there are different SCADA and each one perform a certain control of the process. In general the SCADA systems are more pontentes than the HMI, in my experience operator monitors tend to be associated with a particular machine and account resources generated or produced goods of that party, while the SCADA is something much more global, even splitting the process in various programs are much higher.
Usually a HMI this associated to a PLC (not is a standard exact) while the SCADA manages several, in the example previous imagine that the following step is bottling, the product chemical resulting in the screen of operator of the machine of the reactor chemical (where is creates the substance) is observes the temperature and the amount of element created on the machine in the HMI can see few bottles per hour or per day depart for plant operators. But above them an engineer monitors the SCADA that combines both machines and where you can see the raw material used and the amount of used bottles, as well as to interact with the process reduces the level of production, reducing or increasing the temperature etc.
To better understand it, usually the PLCs perform a specific function of a machine, and there are several machines in a single plant, all of them are connected to the industrial network of communications and computers with installed SCADA, so the SCADA is nothing more than a display of the process where we can send orders or read data from several PLC even modify their programming
LEVEL 3: historical and link with the last level
Here we have three distinct components. The historian is a database where they keep all that which receive plant, since measures of the sensors, production, emergency stop… everything that technicians who devised the process thought that it was necessary to preserve, these measurements can be even less than a second. Conventional databases such as MySQL classic are not usually used, they tend to be compressed and specialized for the industry. A paragraph at this point, is to comment that sometimes the SCADA and historian them live together, sometimes on the same server and others on separate servers (even have some of the information in different or redundant servers in case of crash of one of them), there are applications where activations and readings held and at the same time we see the data of the historian.
The second element is the Bach, speaking sharply as a SCADA and a they historian but for batch production processes, this type of industry is the creation of continuous goods (e.g. painting) but that vary (each paint color). The batch has the complication of managing different products in the same factory, imagine a process of drinks, first generate a drink Soda flavor, then other then another soft drink without gas, one light… and turned to start. We use the same investment for the entire process, why are they treated differently and are more complex.
The month is an interface between the level 4 (where handled the marketing and accounting studies) and level 2 (where we have the plant). It is the union between the intelligence of the company (BI) and the process. This interaction is important in real time, where knowing the demand we can manage a more or less regulation of the flow of production.
Could add in this third level of the ISA-95 the big data of the hardware, for example to improve the efficiency energy of the factory or similar, this concept is every time in increase.
LEVEL 4: the brain business
Although this definition is not at all accurate in the last level they would be purely economic, accounting and marketing programmes. Between them tools in this part, have them ERP, programs that manage them inventories it billing, accounting and it logistics, these applications us allow carry all the invoices issued by all them people of the company, them expenses and the kohutek.
The following concept is marketing the relationship with customers and the CMR, databases of customers own the company, very important are this information with social media Association. Help to have the information to plan sales strategies, are important face to know the necessary production at a given time.
Finally the BI (the intelligence business) are software that us allows link several databases, (it of them month, ERP, CMR, HISTORIAN…) i.e. is the center of information.
If in the level 3 of the ISA-95 talked of the big data, in this fourth level if that can say that the big data could get to be very important, because them CRMs and the study of our customers or the BI where are data that are too complex and changing.
Conclusion
As we can see an industrial hierarchy it is something really complex, different machines and very specialized applications, which help to have all of the information accessible to the workers. Personally I has delighted to create this article since a system industrial (and more even if this domotic) has a great amount of information, of processes, of systems very complex… and as all the management can be monitored on a single computer: customers, processing, invoicing… I hope enjoyed this post so much like me writing it.